Transarterial Bleomycin–Lipiodol Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Giant Hepatic Hemangiomas: An Assessment of Effectiveness

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of superselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using a bleomycin–lipiodol emulsion in treating giant hepatic hemangiomas. A retrospective review included 31 patients with a mean age of 53 ± 10.42 years who underwent TACE from December 2014 to October 2022, with follow-up imaging examinations to assess outcomes. Technical success was defined as successful embolization of all feeding arteries, and clinical success was defined as a reduction in hemangioma volume by 50% or more on follow-up imaging. This study observed a 100% technical success rate. Post-embolization syndrome was common, and two cases of asymptomatic hepatic artery dissection were noted. Clinical success was achieved in 80.6% of patients, with significant volume reduction observed in the majority. Conclusively, superselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with bleomycin–lipiodol emulsions is presented as a viable and effective treatment option for giant hepatic hemangiomas. With no procedure-related mortality and significant volume reduction in most cases, this method offers a promising alternative to surgical intervention. This study’s findings suggest a need for further exploration and validation in larger-scale prospective studies.