The Roles of ROS Generation in RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis: Suppressive Effects of Febuxostat

Author:

Ashtar Mohannad,Tenshin Hirofumi,Teramachi Jumpei,Bat-Erdene Ariunzaya,Hiasa Masahiro,Oda Asuka,Tanimoto Kotaro,Shimizu So,Higa Yoshiki,Harada Takeshi,Oura Masahiro,Sogabe Kimiko,Nakamura Shingen,Fujii Shiro,Sumitani Ryohei,Miki Hirokazu,Udaka Kengo,Takahashi Mamiko,Kagawa Kumiko,Endo Itsuro,Tanaka EijiORCID,Matsumoto ToshioORCID,Abe Masahiro

Abstract

Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), a critical mediator of osteoclastogenesis, is upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM). The xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat, clinically used for prevention of tumor lysis syndrome, has been demonstrated to effectively inhibit not only the generation of uric acid but also the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS has been demonstrated to mediate RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, we therefore explored the role of cancer-treatment-induced ROS in RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and the suppressive effects of febuxostat on ROS generation and osteoclastogenesis. RANKL dose-dependently induced ROS production in RAW264.7 preosteoclastic cells; however, febuxostat inhibited the RANKL-induced ROS production and osteoclast (OC) formation. Interestingly, doxorubicin (Dox) further enhanced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through upregulation of ROS production, which was mostly abolished by addition of febuxostat. Febuxostat also inhibited osteoclastogenesis enhanced in cocultures of bone marrow cells with MM cells. Importantly, febuxostat rather suppressed MM cell viability and did not compromise Dox’s anti-MM activity. In addition, febuxostat was able to alleviate pathological osteoclastic activity and bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Collectively, these results suggest that excessive ROS production by aberrant RANKL overexpression and/or anticancer treatment disadvantageously impacts bone, and that febuxostat can prevent the ROS-mediated osteoclastic bone damage.

Funder

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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