Pediatric Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors: Review of Clinics and Perspectives in Application of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Author:

Lew Chong-Zhi1ORCID,Liu Hsi-Che1ORCID,Hou Jen-Yin1ORCID,Huang Ting-Huan2ORCID,Yeh Ting-Chi1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Children’s Hospital, Mackay Medical College, Taipei 104, Taiwan

2. Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

Abstract

Pediatric extracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, accounting for approximately 3.5% of childhood cancers. Since the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy, the survival rate of patients has improved to more than 80%. However, poor-risk subtypes of pediatric extracranial GCTs do not respond well to chemotherapy, leading to refractory or relapsed (R/R) diseases. For example, long-term survival rates of mediastinal GCTs or choriocarcinoma are less than 50%. According to reports in recent years for adult patients with R/R GCTs, the use of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) combined with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has clinical advantages; however, HDCT combined with ASCT has rarely been reported in pediatric GCTs. The R/R and poor-risk groups of pediatric GCTs could benefit from HDCT and ASCT.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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