Anthropology in the focus of social time. Part 2. Development and differentiation of science

Abstract

A series of articles is devoted to the analysis of the formation and transformation of anthropology as an academic science. The study uses a scale of social time, which makes it possible to assess the reasons for the transformation of anthropology depending on social events that form the challenges of society in different countries. The article analyzes the epochs of the development of anthropology and its main directions and approaches. Particular attention is paid to the stage of formation of the population approach in science, which became relevant by the early 1970s. In addition, an analysis of the development of anthropology over the past thirty years is given. During this period, anthropology is characterized by the widespread introduction of related disciplines that are aimed at solving the traditional problems of anthropology. This phenomenon is discussed in the context of the natural process of science differentiation. According to the author, in order to preserve the integrity of anthropology, there is a universal way to follow the main goal of anthropology - the integration of the study of different facets of human nature. In order to introduce interdisciplinarity into the subsequent stage of development of anthropological science, it will be necessary to form the theoretical basis of science.