Inheritance of weight of 1000 grains by spring barley hybrids

Abstract

The purpose of research is to study the nature of inheritance of the trait “weight of 1000 grains” by hybrids of spring barley in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Region in 2019–2021 on ordinary thin chernozem: humus content (according to Tyurin) – 4.67 %, N-NO3 (ionometric express method) – 10.5 mg/kg soil, P2O5 and K2O (according to Chirikov) – 21.2 and 16.4 mg/100 g of soil, respectively, the reaction of the soil solution in the water extract is neutral (pH 6.6). The predecessor is pure fallow. The weather conditions of the growing seasons during the years of study were characterized by uneven precipitation between months and were similar: 2020 – excess moisture (HTC = 1.62) and 2021. – sufficient moisture (HTC = 1.38). Four parental forms took part in the genetic analysis – Olenek, E-76-5695, Bagrets and Kalita; crosses were carried out according to a complete 4×4 diallelic scheme. The weight of 1000 grains in most hybrid combinations is inherited according to the type of intermediate inheritance (Hp = –0.5…+0.5). For this trait, the variety Kalita (46.4; 53.0 g) and the hybrids obtained with its participation were identified: Olenek × Kalita (52.3 g), Kalita × Olenek (54.3 g), E-76-5695 × Kalita (50.0), Kalita × Bagrets (51.3). In the first generation (F1), types of inheritance of the number of grains in an ear were noted – from depression (D–) to positive overdominance (SD+), 25.0 % of combinations showed true heterosis (Hp from +1.42 to +11.83). The stu¬died trait is controlled predominantly by a dominant genetic system with a predominance of recessive gene effects (F = –5.24 and –4.20 < 0) in both generations. The variety Kalita ((Veresk × Roland) × Gonar) of Chelyabinsk selection is recommended as a donor for increasing the weight of 1000 grains of barley (gi – 2.3354 and 1.1188).