1. Kobe Steel Ltd., 2-4 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6518585, Japan (corresponding author).
2. Port and Airport Research Institute, 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2390826, Japan.
3. Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ., Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan; School of Engineering, Swansea Univ., Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK. ORCID: .