1. Research Scientist, Bridge Engineering Center, Institute for Transportation, Iowa State Univ., 2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4700, Ames, IA 50010 (corresponding author).
2. Research Associate Professor and Director, Bridge Engineering Center, Institute for Transportation, Iowa State Univ., 2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4700, Ames, IA 50010.
3. Structural Engineer, Stanley Consultants, Inc., 225 Iowa Avenue, Muscatine, IA 52761; formerly, Graduate Research Assistant, Bridge Engineering Center, Institute for Transportation, Iowa State Univ., 2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4700, Ames, IA 50010.
4. Bridge Research Specialist, Bridge Engineering Center, Institute for Transportation, Iowa State Univ., 2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4700, Ames, IA 50010.