1. Professor, State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China (corresponding author).
2. Ph.D. Student, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China.
3. Professor, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China.
4. Professor, School of Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK.