1. Senior Scientist, Structural Engineering Research Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research, Duebendorf, Switzerland (corresponding author).
2. Professor and Canada Research Chair, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
3. Head, Structural Engineering Research Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; and, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, Iran.