1. Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409; formerly, Researcher, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 611-0011, Japan (corresponding author).
2. Assistant Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
3. Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
4. Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; formerly, Associate Propessor, Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409.