1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ., Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Div. of Built Environment, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
3. Senior Researcher, Life Cycle Management Research Center, Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka 239-0826, Japan.