Comparing the stability and reproducibility of brain-behavior relationships found using canonical correlation analysis and partial least squares within the ABCD sample

Author:

Nakua Hajer12,Yu Ju-Chi1,Abdi Hervé3,Hawco Colin14,Voineskos Aristotle14,Hill Sean14,Lai Meng-Chuan1254,Wheeler Anne L.54,McIntosh Anthony Randal6,Ameis Stephanie H.14

Affiliation:

1. Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

2. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

3. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA

4. Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

5. Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada

6. Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract

Abstract Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and partial least squares correlation (PLS) detect linear associations between two data matrices by computing latent variables (LVs) having maximal correlation (CCA) or covariance (PLS). This study compared the similarity and generalizability of CCA- and PLS-derived brain-behavior relationships. Data were accessed from the baseline Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset (N > 9,000, 9–11 years). The brain matrix consisted of cortical thickness estimates from the Desikan-Killiany atlas. Two phenotypic scales were examined separately as the behavioral matrix; the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) subscale scores and NIH Toolbox performance scores. Resampling methods were used to assess significance and generalizability of LVs. LV1 for the CBCL brain relationships was found to be significant, yet not consistently stable or reproducible, across CCA and PLS models (singular value: CCA = .13, PLS = .39, p < .001). LV1 for the NIH brain relationships showed similar relationships between CCA and PLS and was found to be stable and reproducible (singular value: CCA = .21, PLS = .43, p < .001). The current study suggests that stability and reproducibility of brain-behavior relationships identified by CCA and PLS are influenced by the statistical characteristics of the phenotypic measure used when applied to a large population-based pediatric sample.

Funder

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Foundation

Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral Award

The National Institute of Mental Health

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

National Institute of Mental Health

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Canada Foundation for Innovation

Brain Canada Foundation

Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Neuroimaging of Autism and Mental Health in Youth

Publisher

MIT Press

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