Consensus and Controversial Aspects of Vitamin D and COVID-19

Author:

Bilezikian John P1ORCID,Binkley Neil2ORCID,De Luca Hector F3ORCID,Fassio Angelo4ORCID,Formenti Anna Maria5ORCID,El-Hajj Fuleihan Ghada6ORCID,Heijboer Annemieke C789ORCID,Giustina Andrea5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York 10032 , USA

2. Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Faculty, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53705 , USA

3. Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706 , USA

4. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona , 37134 Verona , Italy

5. Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita–Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital , 20132 Milan , Italy

6. Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon

7. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam , the Netherlands

8. Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism , 1105AZ Amsterdam , the Netherlands

9. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , 1105AZ Amsterdam , the Netherlands

Abstract

Abstract Objective This work aims to review and discuss controversial topics in the field of vitamin D, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19. Methods The International Conferences “Controversies in Vitamin D” are a series of workshops that started in 2017 featuring international experts and leaders in vitamin D research and clinical practice. The fifth annual conference was held in Stresa, Italy, September 15 to 18, 2021. Evidence Before the event, participants reviewed available studies on their assigned topic, drafted a related abstract, and presented their findings at the time of the conference. Relevant literature that became available since was also discussed within the panel and updated accordingly. Consensus Before the event, the drafted abstracts had been merged to prepare a preliminary document. After the conference presentations, in-depth discussions in open sessions led to consensus. The document was subsequently modified according to discussions and up-to-date literature inclusion. Conclusions There is quite consistent evidence for an association between low 25 OH vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and poor COVID-19 outcomes, despite heterogeneous publications of variable quality. However, the low vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients might also reflect reverse causality. Vitamin D supplementation might have a positive role in COVID-19 prevention. The evidence supporting a beneficial effect of vitamin D treatment in decreasing the risk of COVID-19 complications is conflicting. Conclusive statements regarding the beneficial effect of vitamin D in this context await high-quality, randomized controlled trials.

Publisher

The Endocrine Society

Subject

Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Reference122 articles.

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