The relationship of polymorphic variants of genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 with the risk of developing diseases (literature review)

Abstract

Authors analyzed the relationship of the most studied polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) with the risk of developing diseases in the territory of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed domestic articles on gene polymorphisms and their association with various conditions. A systematic review of scientific papers was carried out using the following electronic databases: Cyberleninka, Electronic Library and Google Scholar, which searched for glutathione transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms from 1900 to 2020. The following keywords were used for the search: “GST polymorphism”. The search for articles was carried out in English but took into account the results obtained only in the territory of the Russian Federation. The search for scientific publications was independently checked and compared to filter out duplicate articles. The sample size, the number of loci included in the analysis, and the analyzed population (ethnic group) are essential in studying the relationship between glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms and the development of diseases. In general, the analysis of the articles makes it possible to reveal the association between the polymorphisms of the glutathione-S-transferase genes and the high risk of developing oncological diseases, respiratory diseases and other pathologies. This article did not consider the relationship of polymorphisms with reproductive pathologies because this topic includes a large amount of work and requires separate consideration. The least studied issue is the relationship between polymorphisms of genes for biotransformation of xenobiotics and the development of occupational diseases.