Recall and recognition of discourse memory across sleep and wake

Author:

Mak Matthew HC,Curtis Adam James,Rodd Jennifer MORCID,Gaskell M. Gareth

Abstract

The episodic context account (Gaskell et al., 2019) proposes that the act of language comprehension gives rise to an episodic discourse representation, and that this representation is prone to sleep-related memory effects. In three experiments, we tested this prediction by asking participants to read/listen to naturalistic stories before their memory was tested after a 12-hr interval, which included either daytime wakefulness or overnight sleep. To assess discourse memory, we used sentence recognition (Experiment 1; N = 386), free story recall (Experiment 2; N = 96), and cued recall (Experiments 2 and 3; N = 192). We found no evidence of sleep-related effects in sentence recognition or free recall, but cued recall (aka fill-in-the-blank) showed that the degree of time-dependent distortion, as indexed by both a subjective categorisation measure and Latent Semantic Analysis, was lower after sleep than after wake. Our experiments suggest that the effect of sleep on discourse memory may [1] be constrained by the retrieval processes (recollection vs. familiarity & associative vs. item), [2] lie on a qualitative level that is difficult to detect in an all-or-nothing scoring metric, and [3] primarily situate in the textbase level of the tripartite model of discourse processing. Overall, in line with the episodic context account, our findings highlight a specific role of declarative memory and sleep in day-to-day language comprehension, but with limitations on their impact depending on the nature of the retrieval processes.

Publisher

Center for Open Science

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