Affiliation:
1. Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
2. Department of Paediatrics Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
3. Department of Health Registry Research and Development Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway
4. Environment and Health/Youth health Care, Department of Public Health and Primary Care KU Leuven, University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
5. Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
6. Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesStudies have shown that children develop a higher body weight during summer months. This has been demonstrated repeatedly using the body mass index (BMI), but the effect of season on other weight‐related anthropometric measurements is still unclear.MethodsMeasurements of height, weight, waist circumference (WC), triceps, and subscapular skinfolds (TSF and SSF), collected from September till May in a cross‐sectional sample of 4–16‐year‐old children and adolescents (n = 4525) from the Bergen Growth Study 1 (BGS1). Differences in z‐score by season were tested with linear models adjusted for age group and separately for sex. Overall differences were tested with a one‐way between‐group analysis of variance.ResultsThe girls had higher BMIz (+0.12, p = .03) and WCz (+0.18, p = .002) in fall compared with spring. TSFz (−0.19, p < .001) and SSFz (−0.18, p < .001) were lower in winter in girls, and in boys both in fall (TSFz −0.10, p = .046; SSFz – 0.16, p < .001), and winter (TSFz −0.15, p = .004; SSFz −0.14, p = .003), when compared with spring.ConclusionsSeasonal variation was detected for all anthropometric measures, but differences in the direction of the effect between measures of global (BMI), central (WC) or subcutaneous (SF) adiposity suggest a more complex mechanism that needs further exploration.