1. Institute of NanoEngineering Research (INER) and Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa
2. DSI‐Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek Randburg South Africa
3. Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
4. Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
5. Department of Life Sciences Central University of Technology Bloemfontein South Africa
6. Department of Chemistry Sefako Makgatho Health Science University Medunsa South Africa
7. Department of Chemistry School of Science in the College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa City of Tshwane South Africa