Affiliation:
1. Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
2. State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & and Treatment Zhengzhou Henan China
Abstract
AbstractAs the understanding of the tumor microenvironment has deepened, immunotherapy has become a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In contrast to traditional therapies, immunotherapy is more precise and induces fewer adverse effects. In this field, some bacteria have attracted increased attention because of their natural ability to preferentially colonize and proliferate inside tumor sites and exert antitumor effects. Moreover, bacterial components may activate innate and adaptive immunity to resist tumor progression. However, the application of bacteria‐based cancer immunotherapy is hampered by potential infection‐associated toxicity and unpredictable behavior in vivo. Owing to modern developments in genetic engineering, bacteria can be modified to weaken their toxicity and enhance their ability to eliminate tumor cells or activate the antitumor immune response. This review summarizes the roles of bacteria in the tumor microenvironment, current strategies for bacterial engineering, and the synergistic efficiency of bacteria with other immunotherapies. In addition, the prospects and challenges of the clinical translation of engineered bacteria are summarized.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Subject
Immunology,Immunology and Allergy