Entropy optimization of Marangoni flow of hybrid nanofluid under the influence of viscous dissipation and activation energy: With melting phenomenon

Abstract

AbstractAs nanotechnology and optimization develop, the demand for more effective and robust heat transfer fluids with much greater thermal conductivities than ordinary ones grows. Marangoni convection is often employed in coloring on the ground, for example, in fine art mechanisms. Melting and welding operations are the most prominent manufacturing uses of the Marangoni convection principle. This article aims to reveal the characteristics of hybrid nanofluid () and nanofluid () under the influence of Margorani convection and Entropy generation in a porous Darcy‐Forchheimer medium under melting circumstances. Viscous dispersion and activation energy's effects are also taken into account. The suggested fluid flow problem is mathematically modeled. A built‐in shooting technique algorithm tackles the dimensionless flow model. After applying suitable transformations, the governing nonlinear PDEs are reduced to highly nonlinear ODEs. The numerical outcomes of obtained ODEs are attained through the bvp4c technique built‐in MATLAB. The effects of various classes of significant parameters on the rate of heat generation and Bejan number profiles are investigated. The physical impact of the flow‐regulating constraint factors is visualized via graphical representations. The results are summarized based on numerical data compared to important engineering formulas such as surface drag force, Sherwood numbers, Nusselt, and density. In terms of final remarks, the main findings are successfully described. This article delves further into the uses of hybrid nanofluids in the primary study regions of medicine, space, ships, and defense. Some of these research areas include the automotive industry, heat exchangers coolant in machining, heat pipes, and manufacturing, electronic cooling, refrigeration, solar energy as well as applications for ventilation, heating, and air conditioning, nuclear system cooling, generator cooling, transformer cooling, and electronic cooling.