Fabrication of myristic acid–potato starch complex nanostructures and assessment of their cytotoxic behavior

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDLipids and carbohydrates perform essential functions in foods. In recent decades, food scientists have studied the effects of carbohydrate‐lipid interactions on the functional properties of food. However, the ways in which carbohydrate‐lipid complex‐derived materials affect the biological system are unknown. In this study, a myristic acid‐potato starch complex was created using a simple cooking approach. The complex was employed as a precursor for the fabrication of myristic acid–potato starch complex‐based nanostructured materials (MPS‐NMs) through a liquid–liquid extraction approach. A study was conducted on the structural and cytotoxic features of the fabricated MPS‐NMs.RESULTSTransmission electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of spherical nanostructures, 3–60 nm in size. After 24 h exposure, the chloroform fraction‐based and n‐hexane fraction‐based MPS‐NMs increased cell death by ~90% and ~ 82%, respectively. Chloroform fraction‐based MPS‐NMs (CMPS‐NMs) triggers apoptotic cell death in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). n‐Hexane fraction‐based MPS‐NMs (HMPS‐NMs) treated cells have red color‐intact nuclei, attributed to necrotic cell death. The CMPS‐NMs and HMPS‐NMs significantly decreased the mitochondria membrane potential and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. We observed significant downregulation in flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO), Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) gene expression levels in the exposed cells of CMPS‐NMs and HMPS‐ NMs. In addition, we found upregulation of glutathione‐disulfide reductase (GSR) and glutathione S‐transferase A4 (GSTA4) genes in CMPS‐NMs, and HMPS‐NMs exposure.CONCLUSIONThe cooking process may lead to the formation of nanostructured material in food systems. Chloroform fraction‐based MPS‐NMs and HMPS‐NMs may contribute to cell metabolic disorders. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.