1. Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
2. Department of Otolaryngology Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Taiwan
3. International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
4. Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
5. Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
6. Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
7. Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
8. Research Center of Data Science on Healthcare Industry, College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
9. School of Health Care Administration, College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
10. Research Center of Sleep Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
11. Department of Economics National Taipei University No. 151, University Rd., Sanxia Dist New Taipei City 237303 Taiwan