The Arab COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C‐19ASS): COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome and psychological symptoms in the Saudi Arabian population

Author:

Alhakami Amal1ORCID,Salem Victoria2ORCID,Alateeq Deemah1ORCID,Nikčević Ana V.3ORCID,Marci Tatiana4ORCID,Palmieri Sara567ORCID,Spada Marcantonio M.6ORCID,Mansueto Giovanni568ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London London UK

3. Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences Kingston University Kingston UK

4. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology University of Padova Padua Italy

5. Department of Psychology Sigmund Freud University Milan Italy

6. School of Applied Sciences London South Bank University London UK

7. Studi Cognitivi Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center Milan Milan Italy

8. Department of Health Sciences University of Florence Florence Italy

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C‐19ASS) is a reliable scale assessing dysfunctional coping strategies activated in response to COVID‐19 fear and threat. The present study aimed to provide a validation of the Arabic version of the C‐19ASS and to explore the association between the C‐19ASS and psychological symptoms syndrome.MethodIn Study 1, a community sample of 404 participants completed the Arabic version of the C‐19ASS and results were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, a community sample of 903 participants completed the Arabic version of the C‐19ASS and a series of measures assessing depressed mood and anhedonia, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Internal consistency, construct validity and incremental validity were assessed. Associations between C‐19ASS and psychological symptoms were assessed.ResultsFactor analysis identified a two‐factor solution (i.e., C‐19ASS‐Perseveration and C‐19ASS‐Avoidance), and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two‐factor model best fits the data. The Arabic version of the C‐19ASS showed good internal consistency, good construct and incremental validity. COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome was associated with more severe anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and health anxiety. Females had higher levels of COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome than males. Participants diagnosed with COVID‐19, and those who had experienced loss as a consequence of COVID‐19, had higher levels of COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome (Perseveration).ConclusionsThe Arabic version of the C‐19ASS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome. The COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome could be a suitable therapeutic target to improve psychological recovery during the COVID‐19 pandemic among Arabs.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Clinical Psychology

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