The HOG‐pathway related AaOS1 leads to dicarboximide‐resistance in field strains of Alternaria alternata and contributes, together with the Aafhk1, to mycotoxin production and virulence

Author:

Wei Lingling1ORCID,Chen Bin1,Li Xiujuan1,Shi Haiping1,Xie Shuai1,Hu Hao1,Chen Wenchan2ORCID,Wei Lihui2,Wang Xiaoyu2,Chen Changjun1

Affiliation:

1. College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China

2. Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing China

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDGarlic leaf spot (GLS) caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the main diseases in the garlic production areas, and its management heavily relies on dicarboximide fungicides. However, the efficacy of dicarboximides against the GLS disease has decreased year on year.RESULTSIn the present study, 10 of 148 A. alternata strains separated from Jiangsu Province were moderately resistant (MR) to a dicarboximide fungicide procymidone (ProMR). Positive cross‐resistance was observed between Pro and iprodione (Ipro) or fludioxonil (Fld), but not between Pro and fluazinam or azoxystrobin. Mutations at AaOS1, but not Aafhk1, were confirmed to confer the Pro resistance by constructing replacement mutants, whereas mutations at both AaOS1 and Aafhk1 decreased the gene expression level of AapksI, as well as the ability to produce mycotoxin AOH (polyketide‐derived alternariol) and virulence. Additionally, more genes (AaOS1 and Aafhk1) harboring the mutations experienced a larger biological fitness penalty.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this is the first report on Pro resistance selected in garlic fields, and mutations at AaOS1 of A. alternata causing a decreased ability to produce the mycotoxin AOH. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

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