Association of Vancomycin AUC/MIC and Trough Concentration With Early Clinical Response in Enterococcus or Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococcus Infection: A Prospective Study

Abstract

AbstractThis study was condcuted to examine the association of area under the curve (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and trough concentration (Ctrough) of vancomycin with treatment outcome and nephrotoxicity in infections caused by Enterococcus spp. and coagulase‐negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Peak and trough concentrations were used to calculate AUC in 89 patients receiving vancomycin for infections with Enterococcus spp. (n = 65) or CoNS (n = 24). Correlations between Ctrough, AUC/MIC, early clinical response (ECR), and nephrotoxicity were assessed and cutoff values were determined. Sixty‐three (70.8%) patients showed improvement in ECR and 10 (11.2%) experienced nephrotoxicity. Enterococcus spp. infections displayed correlations between AUC/MIC and ECR for AUC0‐24 h/MIC (r2 = 0.27, P ≤ .05) and AUC24‐48 h/MIC (r2 = 0.28, P ≤ .05), but not for Ctrough (r2 = 0.21, P > .05). There were no correlations between Ctrough (r2 = 0.26, P > .05), AUC0‐24 h/MIC (r2 = −0.12, P > .05), AUC24‐48 h/MIC (r2 = 0.01, P > .05) and ECR for CoNS. In the CoNS group, a moderate correlation was found between ECR and Ctrough at a cutoff value of 6.9 μg/mL. In addition, nephrotoxicity is also moderately associated with AUC0‐24 h and AUC24‐48 h at 505.7 and 667.1 μg•h/mL, respectively. A strong correlation between nephrotoxicity and Ctrough was observed when the cutoff value was 18.9 μg/mL. AUC/MIC during the first 48 h was a determinant of vancomycin efficacy in Enterococcus infections but not for CoNS. Ctrough was not correlated with clinical outcome. Nephrotoxicity could be predicted using Ctrough and AUC for infections with both pathogens.