The Selective Social Attention task in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC‐CT) feasibility study

Author:

Shic Frederick123ORCID,Barney Erin C.13ORCID,Naples Adam J.3,Dommer Kelsey J.1,Chang Shou An3,Li Beibin134,McAllister Takumi3,Atyabi Adham25,Wang Quan36,Bernier Raphael7,Dawson Geraldine8,Dziura James9,Faja Susan1011ORCID,Jeste Shafali Spurling121314,Murias Michael15,Johnson Scott P.16,Sabatos‐DeVito Maura8,Helleman Gerhard1217,Senturk Damla18,Sugar Catherine A.18,Webb Sara Jane17,McPartland James C.3,Chawarska Katarzyna3ORCID,

Affiliation:

1. Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development Seattle Children's Research Institute Seattle Washington USA

2. Department of General Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington USA

3. Yale Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA

4. Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington USA

5. Department of Computer Science University of Colorado ‐ Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Colorado USA

6. Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an China

7. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington USA

8. Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development Duke University Durham North Carolina USA

9. Emergency Medicine Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA

10. Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

11. Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA

12. Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

13. Department of Neurology Keck School of Medicine of USC Los Angeles California USA

14. Division of Neurology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

15. Department of Medical Social Sciences Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA

16. Department of Psychology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

17. Department of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA

18. Department of Biostatistics University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

Abstract

AbstractThe Selective Social Attention (SSA) task is a brief eye‐tracking task involving experimental conditions varying along socio‐communicative axes. Traditionally the SSA has been used to probe socially‐specific attentional patterns in infants and toddlers who develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This current work extends these findings to preschool and school‐age children. Children 4‐ to 12‐years‐old with ASD (N = 23) and a typically‐developing comparison group (TD; N = 25) completed the SSA task as well as standardized clinical assessments. Linear mixed models examined group and condition effects on two outcome variables: percent of time spent looking at the scene relative to scene presentation time (%Valid), and percent of time looking at the face relative to time spent looking at the scene (%Face). Age and IQ were included as covariates. Outcome variables' relationships to clinical data were assessed via correlation analysis. The ASD group, compared to the TD group, looked less at the scene and focused less on the actress' face during the most socially‐engaging experimental conditions. Additionally, within the ASD group, %Face negatively correlated with SRS total T‐scores with a particularly strong negative correlation with the Autistic Mannerism subscale T‐score. These results highlight the extensibility of the SSA to older children with ASD, including replication of between‐group differences previously seen in infants and toddlers, as well as its ability to capture meaningful clinical variation within the autism spectrum across a wide developmental span inclusive of preschool and school‐aged children. The properties suggest that the SSA may have broad potential as a biomarker for ASD.

Funder

National Institute of Mental Health

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Neurology (clinical),General Neuroscience

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