Modified electrodes: Utilizing Cu‐modified graphene oxide nanosheets as a cathode in electro‐oxidation synthesis of mild Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction under green and sustainable conditions

Author:

Abdullaev Sherzod12ORCID,Singh Durgesh3ORCID,Al‐Delfi Mohammed N.4ORCID,Kumar Abhinav5ORCID,Aziz Qusay Husam6ORCID,Elawady Ahmed789ORCID,Al‐Anber Mohammed A.1011ORCID,Al‐Rubaye Ameer H.12ORCID,Ali Amjad1314ORCID,Ahmad Naushad15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Engineering School Central Asian University Tashkent Uzbekistan

2. Scientific and Innovation Department Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami Tashkent Uzbekistan

3. Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar India

4. National University of Science and Technology Dhi Qar Iraq

5. Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin Ekaterinburg Russia

6. Department of Anesthesia Techniques Al‐Noor University College Nineveh Iraq

7. College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University Najaf Iraq

8. College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah Al Diwaniyah Iraq

9. College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University of Babylon Babylon Iraq

10. Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Mutah University Al‐Karak Jordan

11. Prince Faisal Center for Dead Sea, Environment and Energy Research Mutah University Al‐Karak Jordan

12. Department of Petroleum Engineering Al‐Kitab University Altun Kupri Iraq

13. School of Materials Science & Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

14. Institute of Chemistry University of Silesia Katowice Poland

15. Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This study presents an eco‐conscious approach to enhance the efficiency of the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. We first synthesized graphene oxide nanosheets using the Hummers method and then coated them to incorporate metallic copper on their surface. Following this, we conducted various analyses, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) identification, to characterize these modified nanosheets. Subsequently, we utilized Cu‐modified graphene oxide nanosheets as cathode catalysts in an electro‐oxidation synthesis setup. To verify the effectiveness of this novel approach, we utilized bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid as model substrates to synthesize biphenyl compounds. The reaction yielded impressive product yields ranging from 87% to 93%. Operating under environmentally friendly conditions, this electro‐oxidation synthesis not only enhances selectivity but also significantly reduces the environmental impact of the reaction. Our findings highlight the potential of this green chemistry strategy, offering a promising avenue for sustainable and efficient organic synthesis, as evidenced by the successful coupling of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid with consistently high yields.

Funder

King Saud University

Publisher

Wiley

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