Enhanced Electron Transport and Mitigated Voltage Loss in Perovskite Photovoltaics Using Sb2O5@SnO2 Composite Electron Transport Layer

Author:

Wang Yao1234,Li Yuheng1234,Li Chi135,Wang Can135,Zhou Qin135,Liang Lusheng13,Zhang Zilong13,Liu Chunming134,Yu Wei1234,Yu Xuteng135,Gao Peng1345ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China

2. Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China

3. Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China

4. Fujian College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China

5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Abstract

AbstractThe efficacy of electron transport layers (ETLs) is pivotal for optimizing the device performance of perovskite photovoltaic applications. However, colloidal dispersions of SnO2 are prone to aggregation and possess structural defects, such as terminal‐hydroxyls (OHT) and oxygen vacancies (VOs), which can degrade the quality of ETLs, impede charge extraction and transport, and affect the nucleation and growth processes of the perovskite layer. In this study, the Sb(OH)4 ions hydrolyzed from SbCl3 in colloidal dispersion can bind to defect sites and effectively stabilize the SnO2 nanocrystals are demonstrated. Upon oxidative annealing, a Sb2O5@SnO2 composite film is formed, in which the Sb2O5 not only mitigates the aforementioned defects but also broadens the energy range of unoccupied states through its dispersed conduction band. The increased electron affinity (EA) facilitates more efficient capture of photoexcited electrons from the perovskite layer, thus augmenting electron extraction and minimizing electron‐hole recombination. As a result, a significant improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 22.60% to 24.54% is achieved, with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of up to 1.195 V, along with excellent stability of unsealed devices under various conditions. This study provides valuable insights for the understanding and design of ETLs in perovskite photovoltaic applications.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

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