Direct Thermal Growth of Gold Nanopearls on 3D Interweaved Hydrophobic Fibers as Ultrasensitive Portable SERS Substrates for Clinical Applications

Author:

Lin Hsin‐Yao123ORCID,Chen Wan‐Ru1,Lu Li‐Chia1,Chen Hsuen‐Li4,Chen Yu‐Hsuan1,Pan Michael12,Chen Chi‐chia1,Chen Chihchen25,Yen Tzung‐Hai67,Wan Dehui1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

2. Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

3. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei 10449 Taiwan

4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI‐MAT) National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan

5. Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

6. College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 33378 Taiwan

7. Department of Nephrology Clinical Poison Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan 33378 Taiwan

Abstract

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)‐based biosensors have attracted much attention for their label‐free detection, ultrahigh sensitivity, and unique molecular fingerprinting. In this study, a wafer‐scale, ultrasensitive, highly uniform, paper‐based, portable SERS detection platform featuring abundant and dense gold nanopearls with narrow gap distances, are prepared and deposited directly onto ultralow‐surface‐energy fluorosilane‐modified cellulose fibers through simple thermal evaporation by delicately manipulating the atom diffusion behavior. The as‐designed paper‐based SERS substrate exhibits an extremely high Raman enhancement factor (3.9 × 1011), detectability at sub‐femtomolar concentrations (single‐molecule level) and great signal reproductivity (relative standard deviation: 3.97%), even when operated with a portable 785‐nm Raman spectrometer. This system is used for fingerprinting identification of 12 diverse analytes, including clinical medicines (cefazolin, chloramphenicol, levetiracetam, nicotine), pesticides (thiram, paraquat, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos), environmental carcinogens (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene), and illegal drugs (methamphetamine, mephedrone). The lowest detection concentrations reach the sub‐ppb level, highlighted by a low of 16.2 ppq for nicotine. This system appears suitable for clinical applications in, for example, i) therapeutic drug monitoring for individualized medication adjustment and ii) ultra‐early diagnosis for pesticide intoxication. Accordingly, such scalable, portable and ultrasensitive fibrous SERS substrates open up new opportunities for practical on‐site detection in biofluid analysis, point‐of‐care diagnostics and precision medicine.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Biomaterials,Biotechnology,General Materials Science,General Chemistry

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