Measurement of Microtubule Stability in Mammalian Cells

Abstract

AbstractThe microtubule cytoskeleton is essential for various biological processes such as the intracellular distribution of molecules and organelles, cell morphogenesis, chromosome segregation, and specification of the location of contractile ring formation. Distinct cell types contain microtubules with different extents of stability. For example, microtubules in neurons are highly stabilized to support organelle (or vesicular) transport over large distances, and microtubules in motile cells are more dynamic. In some cases, such as the mitotic spindle, both dynamic and stable microtubules coexist. Alteration of microtubule stability is connected to disease states, making understanding microtubule stability an important area of research. Methods to measure microtubule stability in mammalian cells are described here. Together, these approaches allow microtubule stability to be measured qualitatively or semiquantitatively following staining for post‐translational modifications of tubulin or treating cells with microtubule destabilizing agents such as nocodazole. Microtubule stability can also be measured quantitatively by performing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching or fluorescence photoactivation of tubulin in live cells. These methods should be helpful for those seeking to understand microtubule dynamics and stabilization. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Fixing and staining cells for tubulin post‐translational modificationsBasic Protocol 2: Evaluating microtubule stability following treatment with nocodazole in live or fixed cellsBasic Protocol 3: Measurement of microtubule dynamic turnover by quantification of fluorescence recovery after photobleachingBasic Protocol 4: Measurement of microtubule dynamic turnover by quantification of dissipation of fluorescence after photoactivation