Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Imidazolium Short‐Chain Fluorocarbon Surfactant as a Potential Agent for Aqueous Film Forming Foam

Abstract

AbstractTo explore novel hydrophilic groups of short‐chain fluorocarbon surfactants for aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF), an original surfactant (S‐im) with a unique imidazolium structure was developed. The intermediate and S‐im were identified by FT‐IR and NMR, validating the mild synthesis route. MS spectrum correspondingly verified the molecular weight of S‐im (329.07). TGA analysis further revealed that S‐im showed satisfied thermal stability before 200 °C. Due to the synergism effect, equimolar S‐im/C6H13NaO3S (6.29 mmol/L) maintained a low surface tension of 17.81 mN/m. Likewise, the high surface activity of the equimolar mixture contributed to its spreading on different hydrocarbon fuels. We adjusted the mixture concentration to 20 mmol/L based on applicable standards to obtain a moderate foam expansion (9.7) and an opportune drained time (323 s). The mixture exerted a promising performance. All flames caused by investigated fuels were extinguished in 75 seconds, with burnback time exceeding 14 minutes, indicating a significant field application potential.