Affiliation:
1. Estación Experimental Agraria Perla del VRAEM, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Pichari Cusco Perú
2. Estación Experimental Agraria Pichanaki, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Pichanaki Junín Perú
3. Centro Experimental La Molina, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Lima Perú
4. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota (UNACH) Chota Perú
5. Centro Experimental La Molina, Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Lima Perú
6. Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES‐CES) Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM‐A) Jirón Triunfo Chachapoyas Perú
Abstract
AbstractCoffee (Coffea arabica L.) plays a major role in the economy of Peru and the world. The present study aims to elucidate the agro‐morphological variability of coffee genotypes maintained in the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA) germplasm collection. Therefore, 20 vegetative, reproductive, and phytosanitary traits of 162 coffee accessions of INIA's germplasm collection were evaluated and analyzed. Correlation results indicate that a simultaneous selection of characters, such as number of branches per plant, number of nodes per branch, leaf area, and weight of a hundred fruits, can contribute to increase coffee yields. Additionally, coffee yield was negatively correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, and interestingly the occurrence of small and compact coffee plants with high resistance to the disease was also found. The analysis of Tocher and Mahalanobis D2 determined the formation of 10 groups of divergent coffee accessions; where clusters 1 (accession codes 20, 29, 38, 54, 67, 71, 117, 24, 26, and 27), 5 (accession codes 46 and 53), 9 (accession code 159), and 10 (accession code 203) group promising accessions that can be used in breeding programs. Principal component analysis showed that at least five of its principal components managed to explain 70.01% of the total variation in the collection. Finally, the high coefficients obtained for the phenotypic, genotypic, and heritability variation confirm the existence of additive genes in the evaluated population, that would ensure the success of coffee breeding programs based on the selection of traits of agronomic importance.
Subject
Agronomy and Crop Science
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