Prediabetes is associated with increased cardiac events in patients with cancer who are prescribed anthracyclines

Author:

Cheang Iokfai123,Zhu Xu1,Huang Jia‐Yi23,Tse Yi‐Kei3,Li Hang‐Long3,Ren Qing‐Wen23,Wu Mei‐Zhen23,Chan Yap‐Hang23,Xu Xin23,Tse Hung‐Fat3,Gue Ying4,Lip Gregory Y. H.45,Li Xinli1ORCID,Yiu Kai‐Hang23

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Province Hospital Nanjing China

2. Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital Shenzhen China

3. Cardiology Division Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China

4. Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital Liverpool UK

5. Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundPrediabetes, which is a precedent of overt diabetes, is a known risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Its impact on adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cancer who are prescribed anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy (ACT) is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of prediabetes with cardiovascular events in patients with cancer who are prescribed ACT.MethodsThe authors identified patients with cancer who received ACT from 2000 to 2019 from Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System of Hong Kong. Patients were divided into diabetes, prediabetes, and normoglycemia groups based on their baseline glycemic profile. The Primary outcome, a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), was the composite event of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death.ResultsAmong 12,649 patients at baseline, 3997 had prediabetes, and 5622 had diabetes. Over median follow‐up of 8.7 years, the incidence of MACE was 211 (7.0%) in the normoglycemia group, 358 (9.0%) in the prediabetes group, and 728 (12.9%) in the diabetes group. Compared with normoglycemia, prediabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.43) and diabetes (adjusted HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24–1.70) were associated with an increased risk of MACE. In the prediabetes group, 475 patients (18%) progressed to overt diabetes and exhibited a greater risk of MACE (adjusted HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.31–2.36) compared with patients who remained prediabetic.ConclusionsIn patients with cancer who received ACT, those who had prediabetes at baseline and those who progressed to diabetes at follow‐up had an increased risk of MACE. The optimization of cardiovascular risk factor management, including prediabetes, should be considered in patients with cancer who are treated before and during ACT to reduce cardiovascular risk.Plain Language Summary Patients with cancer who have preexisting diabetes have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, and prediabetes is often overlooked. In this study of 12,649 patients with cancer identified in the Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System of Hong Kong who were receiving treatment with anthracycline drugs, prediabetes was correlated with increased deaths from cardiovascular disease and/or hospitalizations for heart failure. Patients who progressed from prediabetes to diabetes within 2 years had an increased risk of combined hospitalization for heart failure and death from cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate the importance of paying greater attention to cardiovascular risk factors, including how prediabetes is managed, in patients who have cancer and are receiving chemotherapy with anthracyclines, emphasizing the need for surveillance, follow‐up strategies, and consideration of prediabetes management in cancer care.

Publisher

Wiley

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