Uniform Molecular Adsorption Energy‐Driven Homogeneous Crystallization and Dual‐Interface Modification for High Efficiency and Thermal Stability in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

AbstractInterfacial defects between perovskite and adjacent charge transport layers present a significant obstacle, hindering the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this challenge, a dual‐interface modification is proposed to aim at improving the performance of mixed‐halide PSCs. Specifically, the hole‐collecting side is modified with 5‐Aminopyridine‐2‐carboxylic Acid (APC), while the electron‐collecting side is modified with 2‐thiopheneethylammonium chloride (TEACl). The multifunctional APC enhances charge transfer by tailoring the interface between the perovskite and poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) through multiple bonding interactions, thereby suppressing interfacial nonradiative recombination. Density functional theory studies reveal that APC on the perovskite surface induces uniform adsorption energy, promoting homogenous crystallization without residual stress. Additionally, APC interlayer eliminates the localized edge states induced by the iodine vacancies near the conduction band edge. Further improvement in the device performance is achieved by passivating the top perovskite surface with TEACl, leading to well‐matched energy bands and reduced vacancy trap states. As a result, champion cell achieves a PCE of 24.87% with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.188 V. Furthermore, The dual‐interface modification improves thermal stability due to enhanced ion‐migration activation energy.