Intelligent Magnetic Microrobots with Fluorescent Internal Memory for Monitoring Intragastric Acidity

Author:

Senthilnathan N.1,Oral Cagatay M.1,Novobilsky Adam2,Pumera Martin1345ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 Brno 61200 Czech Republic

2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Veterinary Research Institute Hudcova 296/70 Brno 62100 Czech Republic

3. Advanced Nanorobots & Multiscale Robotics Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB – Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic

4. Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University No. 91 Hsueh‐Shih Road Taichung 40402 Taiwan

5. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei‐ro Seodaemun‐gu Seoul 03722 South Korea

Abstract

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamic fluctuations of pH caused by gastric acid secretion, a process of both biological and clinical significance, with microrobots. Abnormal patterns of acidity often indicate gastrointestinal diseases, underlying the importance of precise intragastric pH monitoring. Traditional methods using fluorescent probes face challenges due to their faint solid‐state fluorescence, limited target specificity, and accuracy. To overcome these obstacles, pH‐responsive fluorescent organic microparticles decorated with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are engineered. These microrobots exhibit a unique fluorescence switching capability at a critical pH, enabling the monitoring of gastric acidity. The magnetic part of these microrobots ensures magnetic maneuverability to enable targeted navigation. The microrobots’ fluorescence switching mechanism is elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopy, microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analyses, revealing molecular‐level structural transformations upon interaction with gastric acid and antacids. These transformations, specifically protonation and deprotonation of the microrobots’ fluorescent components, prompt a distinct fluorescence response correlating with pH shifts. In vitro and ex vivo experiments, simulating stomach conditions, confirm the microrobots’ efficacy in pH‐responsive imaging. The results showcase the promising diagnostic potential of microrobots for gastrointestinal tract diseases, marking a significant advancement in imaging‐based medical diagnostics at targeted locations.

Publisher

Wiley

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