Bioinspired Dynamic Matrix Based on Developable Structure of MXene‐Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) Soft Actuators

Abstract

AbstractInspired by natural organisms, soft actuators can convert environmental stimuli into mechanical deformation, making them indispensable for applications in a variety of fields such as soft robotics. MXene, displaying exceptional attributes in conductivity, thermal efficiency, good dispersibility etc., has emerged as a preferred material for high‐performance thermal actuators. However, single actuators struggle to achieve complex tasks realized by intelligent robotic systems. Herein, a bioinspired dynamic matrix is presented utilizing the developable structure of MXene‐cellulose nanofibers (CNF) soft actuators. The inclusion of CNF considerably bolsters the mechanical properties of MXene. The MXene‐CNF film possessed a higher working strain range (≈14%) than pure MXene film (≈2%). The designed developable structures complete the actuating movements. The sensing layer integration with the actuating layer led to an extremely low touch detection limit (0.3 kPa) and expedited actuating‐feedback due to the interaction between contact charging and electrostatic induction. A responsive dynamic matrix containing 3 × 3 soft actuators, completed with a close‐looped sensing‐feedback function, is developed similar to the behavior of the mimosa plant. This mimosa‐inspired dynamic matrix is capable of identifying the source of touch stimuli and providing immediate feedback. This research broadens the potential for enhancing adaptability and intelligence of soft robotic system.