Affiliation:
1. Department of Biotechnology Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Abishekapatti Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu 627012 India
2. Central Research Facility Santosh Deemed to be University Ghaziabad Delhi (NCR) 201009 India
3. Centre for Energy and Environment Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India
4. Department of Animal Science Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Abishekapatti Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu 627012 India
5. Centre for Marine Science and Technology Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Marina Campus Rajakkamangalam Tamil Nadu 629502 India
Abstract
AbstractExploring alternative energy sources is vital amid increasing human fuel consumption. Globally, biogas, rich in methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide, addresses energy demands through biomass anaerobic digestion (AD). Efficient digestate management, employing techniques like solid‐liquid separation and composting, is crucial for environmental protection. The goal is to optimize nutrient‐rich byproduct utilization while minimizing negative impacts. This review analyzes diverse substrates, emphasizing challenges and benefits. Key considerations include nutrient ratios, moisture content, co‐digestion, organic loading rate, and retention time. The study explores temperature's impact on microbial growth, biogas impurities, and upgradation techniques, including biological methods. Fermentation, microbial electrochemical techniques, and biochar use for enhanced AD are introduced. Discussing digestate's multifaceted aspects, the review highlights its nutrient value and diverse applications in aquaculture, animal feed, fermentation, bioremediation, and fine chemical production.