Toward a Standardized Approach for Characterizing β‐Fleck Defects in Titanium Alloys

Abstract

β‐flecks are a type of segregation defect commonly encountered during the solidification of titanium alloys enriched with β‐stabilizing elements. These defects are associated with a detrimental impact on mechanical properties, which potentially limit the service life of parts containing them. Despite their significance, a standardized method for identifying these defects is lacking. In this study, a systematic approach is provided to detecting and characterizing β‐flecks in a representative metastable β‐Ti alloy and β‐C (ASTM Grade 19/Ti–3Al–8V–6Cr–4Mo–4Zr). By combining low temperature but prolonged aging, time‐dependent etching, and Fiji‐assisted image analysis, the presence and characteristics of β‐flecks are determined with precision and impartiality. This straightforward technique offers a reliable means for visualizing and quantifying β‐flecks in titanium alloys. It establishes a foundational framework that can be broadly applied to various β‐Ti alloys prone to β‐fleck formation.