Opportunities and Challenges of Phosphorus‐based Anodes for Practical Battery Application

Abstract

AbstractPhosphorus‐based anode materials have attracted considerable attention due to their high theoretical capacity, safe operational potential, and favorable redox chemistry for diverse alkali metal‐ion storage applications. Their excellent performance in lithium storage makes them promising candidates for fast‐charging batteries. However, challenges such as complex redox reactions, substantial volume expansion during lithiation, vulnerability to oxidation, and the lack of a mature mass production process hinder their further development. Current research predominantly focuses on establishing multilevel nanostructures or robust solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) to mitigate volume expansion. Nonetheless, a consensus within the academic community on the maximum degree of volume expansion for practical electrode application in cells is yet to be established. Furthermore, investigations into the kinetics of redox reactions, side reactions in the presence of air or electrolyte, and mass production processes for phosphorus‐based anodes are relatively limited. This comprehensive review meticulously examines these challenges, providing nuanced insights. Additionally, the review offers perspectives on potential advancements in phosphorus‐based anode development, contributing to the ongoing discourse on the future trajectory of research in this domain.