Patient Experience of Stiffness With Knee Osteoarthritis: An Interpretative Description Study

Abstract

ABSTRACTIntroductionKnee OA (KOA) can lead to pain, loss of muscle strength, and changes in gait. Knee stiffness is a classic feature of KOA that can increase the risk of falls but has been understudied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of knee stiffness, the factors influencing the severity of stiffness, and the repercussions on participation for patients with KOA.MethodsThis qualitative study used an interpretive description approach. Purposeful sampling was used for patients with KOA over 45 years of age, fluent in English, diagnosed with KOA and reported KOA stiffness within the last 6 months. Participants were recruited through social media and Ontario clinics. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted over the phone or using zoom, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Open, axial, and selective coding were used to identify clinically relevant themes.ResultsTwelve participants (5F, 7M) with a mean age of 60 years were included. The five themes identified include elusive and variable perceptions of joint stiffness, inactivity or too much activity exacerbates stiffness, adapting to the ebb and flow of symptoms, risk experiences and safety fears leads to reduced participation, and KOA stiffness impairs quality of life.ConclusionThis study highlights characteristics of knee stiffness, consequences on participation, and quality of life for people with KOA. Monitoring knee stiffness for KOA is recommended for more appropriate treatment intensity, which could improve adherence to a home programme and potentially reduce the risk of falls.