Comparative anatomy of the caudate nucleus in canids and felids: Associations with brain size, curvature, cross‐sectional properties, and behavioral ecology

Author:

Foster Michael1,Dwibhashyam Sai1,Patel Devan1,Gupta Kanika1,Matz Olivia C.1,Billings Brendon K.2,Bitterman Kathleen1,Bertelson Mads3,Tang Cheuk Y.4,Mars Rogier B.56,Raghanti Mary Ann7ORCID,Hof Patrick R.89,Sherwood Chet C.10,Manger Paul R.2ORCID,Spocter Muhammad A.1211ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anatomy Des Moines University West Des Moines Iowa USA

2. School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Republic of South Africa

3. Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg Denmark

4. Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA

5. Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

6. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands

7. Department of Anthropology and School of Biomedical Sciences Kent State University Kent Ohio USA

8. Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA

9. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology New York New York USA

10. Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology The George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA

11. College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA

Abstract

AbstractThe evolutionary history of canids and felids is marked by a deep time separation that has uniquely shaped their behavior and phenotype toward refined predatory abilities. The caudate nucleus is a subcortical brain structure associated with both motor control and cognitive, emotional, and executive functions. We used a combination of three‐dimensional imaging, allometric scaling, and structural analyses to compare the size and shape characteristics of the caudate nucleus. The sample consisted of MRI scan data obtained from six canid species (Canis lupus lupus, Canis latrans, Chrysocyon brachyurus, Lycaon pictus, Vulpes vulpes, Vulpes zerda), two canid subspecies (Canis lupus familiaris, Canis lupus dingo), as well as three felids (Panthera tigris, Panthera uncia, Felis silvestris catus). Results revealed marked conservation in the scaling and shape attributes of the caudate nucleus across species, with only slight deviations. We hypothesize that observed differences in caudate nucleus size and structure for the domestic canids are reflective of enhanced cognitive and emotional pathways that possibly emerged during domestication.

Funder

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Carnegie Corporation of New York

Publisher

Wiley

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