Affiliation:
1. Department of Medical Biology Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
2. Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University, Health Science Institute Samsun Turkey
3. American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
Abstract
Sex determination is a complex and dynamic process with multiple genetic and environmental causes, in which germ and somatic cells receive various sex‐specific features. During the fifth week of fetal life, the bipotential embryonic gonad starts to develop in humans. In the bipotential gonadal tissue, certain cell groups start to differentiate to form the ovaries or testes. Despite considerable efforts and advances in identifying the mechanisms playing a role in sex determination and differentiation, the underlying mechanisms of the exact functions of many genes, gene–gene interactions, and epigenetic modifications that are involved in different stages of this cascade are not completely understood. This review aims at discussing current data on the genetic effects via genes and epigenetic mechanisms that affect the regulation of sex determination. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:321–336, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject
Developmental Biology,Embryology,General Medicine
Cited by
20 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献