Affiliation:
1. Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Dar Al Uloom University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
2. Department of Physics University of Turku Turku Varsinais‐Suomi Finland
3. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Turku Varsinais‐Suomi Finland
4. Faculty of Dentistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
5. Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
Abstract
The presence of Si on the Ti surface is quintessential for a strong, durable silane‐based adhesion utilized in several dental applications. Silica‐coating and silanization form durable ≡Si‐O‐Si≡ bonds, which might have a positive effect on resin‐Ti adhesion. This laboratory study studied the effect of strong acids, their blends, and silica‐coating on Ti and resin‐Ti bonding. One‐hundred sixty‐eight c.p. grade 2 polished Ti samples (10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm), out of which 96 were etched with 9% and 12%HF, a blend of 35%HCl+85%H3PO4 and a blend of 69%HNO3+35%HCl at 60°C, each for 2 min. One half was silica‐coated (Rocatec™ Plus, 110 μm SiO2‐coated‐Al2O3). Sixty Ti samples were first silica‐coated, and then, 48 of them were etched with 9%HF, 12%HF, a blend of 35%HCl+85%H3PO4, and a blend of 69%HNO3+35%HCl at 60°C for 2 min. SEM, EDX, XPS, and Ra analyses were carried out. Polished Ti samples were controls. All silanizations were carried out with a blend of 0.3 vol% 1,2‐bis‐(triethoxysilyl)ethane+1.0 vol% 3‐acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Multilink™ Automix self‐adhesive resin composite cement was used in adhesion testing, and the samples were artificially aged followed by enclosed‐mold micro‐shear test on day 1 and weeks 1, 4, and 8. Failure mode analysis and statistical analysis with one‐way/two‐way ANOVA (p < 0.05) were carried out. HF etching produced the highest surface roughness. XPS analysis identified after etching with HF a variety of Ti and Si ions: Ti4+, Ti3+, Ti2+, and Ti0 and, on the other hand, Si4+, Si3+, and Si2+. A gradual decrease in adhesion strength was observed after artificial aging. Adhesive and cohesive failures were observed.
Subject
Materials Chemistry,Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Surfaces and Interfaces,Condensed Matter Physics,General Chemistry
Cited by
1 articles.
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