Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China
2. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
3. WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China
4. Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention Lhasa City Tibet Autonomous Region China
Abstract
AbstractEnterovirus C116 (EV‐C116) is a new member of the enterovirus C group which is closely associated with several infectious diseases. Although sporadic studies have detected EV‐C116 in clinical samples worldwide, there is currently limited information available. In this study, two EV‐C‐positive fecal specimens were detected in apparently healthy children, which harbored low abundance, through meta‐transcriptome sequencing. Based on the prototypes of several EV‐Cs, two lineages were observed. Lineage 1 included many types that could not cause EV‐like cytopathic effect in cell culture. Three genogroups of EV‐C116 were divided in the maximum likelihood tree, and the two strains in this study (XZ2 and XZ113) formed two different lineages, suggesting that EV‐C116 still diffuses worldwide. Obvious inter‐type recombination events were observed in the XZ2 strain, with CVA22 identified as a minor donor. However, another strain (XZ113) underwent different recombination situations, highlighting the importance of recombination in the formation of EV‐Cs biodiversity. The EV‐C116 strains could propagate in rhabdomyosarcoma cell cultures at low titer; however, EV‐like cytopathic effects were not observed. HEp‐2, L20B, VERO, and 293T cell lines did not provide an appropriate environment for EV‐C116 growth. These results challenge the traditional recognition of the uncultured nature of EV‐C116 strains and explain the difficulty of clinical detection.