1. Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
2. Clinical Trial Committee of The Japan Society of Surgical Infection Tokyo Japan
3. Department of Surgery Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital Tokyo Japan
4. Department of Surgery Mazda Hospital Hiroshima Japan
5. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Osaka City General Hospital Osaka Japan
6. Department of Surgery Graduate School of Biochemical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
7. Department of Infection Control and Prevention Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital Kanagawa Japan
8. Department of Surgery Nagahama Red Cross Hospital Shiga Japan
9. Department of Surgery Toho University Ohashi Medical Center Tokyo Japan
10. Department of Surgery Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital Chiba Japan
11. Department of Coloproctological Surgery Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine Tokyo Japan
12. Department of Surgery and Oncology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
13. Department of Surgery Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center Tokyo Japan
14. Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Mie Japan
15. Department of Surgery Shiga University of Medical Science Shiga Japan
16. Department of Digestive Surgery Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital Kanagawa Japan
17. Department of Minimally Invasive Gastroenterology Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Ehime Japan
18. Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Yamaguchi Japan
19. Department of Surgery Sassa General Hospital Tokyo Japan
20. Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Shinjuku Japan
21. The Japan Society of Surgical Infection Tokyo Japan