Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential non‐surgical therapeutic approaches

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs.AimThe aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non‐surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS.Material and MethodsA literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non‐surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS.ResultsDue to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential.Discussion and ConclusionSo, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non‐surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.