Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide

Author:

AbdulHussein Ali Hamid1,Al‐Taee Muataz Mohammed2,Radih Zahra Abdul3,Aljuboory Dhuha Salman4,Mohammed Zainab Qasim5,Hashesh Tabarak Sami6,Riadi Yassine7,Hadrawi Salema K.8,Najafi Masoud910ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy University of Al‐Ameed Karbala Iraq

2. Department of Medical Laboratories Technology AL‐Nisour University College Baghdad Iraq

3. Medical Technical College, Al‐Farahidi University Baghdad Iraq

4. Medical Laboratories Techniques Department Al‐Mustaqbal University College Iraq

5. Department of Dentistry Ashur University College Baghdad Iraq

6. Al‐Hadi University College Baghdad Iraq

7. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al‐Kharj Saudi Arabia

8. Refrigeration and Air‐Conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University Najaf Iraq

9. Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran

10. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran

Abstract

AbstractDrug resistance is a hot topic issue in cancer research and therapy. Although cancer therapy including radiotherapy and anti‐cancer drugs can kill malignant cells within the tumor, cancer cells can develop a wide range of mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of anti‐cancer agents. Cancer cells may provide some mechanisms to resist oxidative stress and escape from apoptosis and attack by the immune system. Furthermore, cancer cells may resist senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death by modulating several critical genes. The development of these mechanisms leads to resistance to anti‐cancer drugs and also radiotherapy. Resistance to therapy can increase mortality and reduce survival following cancer therapy. Thus, overcoming mechanisms of resistance to cell death in malignant cells can facilitate tumor elimination and increase the efficiency of anti‐cancer therapy. Natural‐derived molecules are intriguing agents that may be suggested to be used as an adjuvant in combination with other anticancer drugs or radiotherapy to sensitize cancer cells to therapy with at least side effects. This paper aims to review the potential of triptolide for inducing various types of cell death in cancer cells. We review the induction or resistance to different cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagic cell death, senescence, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis following the administration of triptolide. We also review the safety and future perspectives for triptolide and its derivatives in experimental and human studies. The anticancer potential of triptolide and its derivatives may make them effective adjuvants for enhancing tumor suppression in combination with anticancer therapy.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry,Molecular Medicine,General Medicine,Biochemistry

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