Distinct Loci in theCHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4Gene Cluster Are Associated With Onset of Regular Smoking

Author:

Stephens Sarah H.1,Hartz Sarah M.2,Hoft Nicole R.3,Saccone Nancy L.2,Corley Robin C.3,Hewitt John K.3,Hopfer Christian J.3,Breslau Naomi4,Coon Hilary5,Chen Xiangning6,Ducci Francesca78,Dueker Nicole1,Franceschini Nora9,Frank Josef10,Han Younghun11,Hansel Nadia N.12,Jiang Chenhui13,Korhonen Tellervo14,Lind Penelope A.15,Liu Jason16,Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka17,Michel Martha18,Shaffer John R.19,Short Susan E.20,Sun Juzhong21,Teumer Alexander22,Thompson John R.23,Vogelzangs Nicole24,Vink Jacqueline M.25,Wenzlaff Angela26,Wheeler William27,Yang Bao-Zhu13,Aggen Steven H.6,Balmforth Anthony J.28,Baumeister Sebastian E.22,Beaty Terri H.12,Benjamin Daniel J.29,Bergen Andrew W.18,Broms Ulla14,Cesarini David30,Chatterjee Nilanjan31,Chen Jingchun6,Cheng Yu-Ching1,Cichon Sven32,Couper David8,Cucca Francesco33,Dick Danielle6,Foroud Tatiana34,Furberg Helena35,Giegling Ina36,Gillespie Nathan A.6,Gu Fangyi31,Hall Alistair S.28,Hällfors Jenni14,Han Shizhong13,Hartmann Annette M.36,Heikkilä Kauko14,Hickie Ian B.37,Hottenga Jouke Jan25,Jousilahti Pekka38,Kaakinen Marika39,Kähönen Mika40,Koellinger Philipp D.41,Kittner Stephen42,Konte Bettina36,Landi Maria-Teresa43,Laatikainen Tiina38,Leppert Mark5,Levy Steven M.44,Mathias Rasika A.12,McNeil Daniel W.45,Medland Sarah E.15,Montgomery Grant W.15,Murray Tanda12,Nauck Matthias22,North Kari E.9,Paré Peter D.46,Pergadia Michele2,Ruczinski Ingo12,Salomaa Veikko38,Viikari Jorma47,Willemsen Gonneke25,Barnes Kathleen C.12,Boerwinkle Eric48,Boomsma Dorret I.25,Caporaso Neil43,Edenberg Howard J.34,Francks Clyde49,Gelernter Joel13,Grabe Hans Jörgen22,Hops Hyman50,Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta51,Johannesson Magnus52,Kendler Kenneth S.6,Lehtimäki Terho17,Magnusson Patrik K.E.53,Marazita Mary L.19,Marchini Jonathan16,Mitchell Braxton D.1,Nöthen Markus M.54,Penninx Brenda W.24,Raitakari Olli55,Rietschel Marcella10,Rujescu Dan36,Samani Nilesh J.56,Schwartz Ann G.26,Shete Sanjay11,Spitz Margaret11,Swan Gary E.18,Völzke Henry22,Veijola Juha39,Wei Qingyi11,Amos Chris11,Cannon Dale S.5,Grucza Richard2,Hatsukami Dorothy57,Heath Andrew2,Johnson Eric O.58,Kaprio Jaakko14,Madden Pamela2,Martin Nicholas G.15,Stevens Victoria L.21,Weiss Robert B.5,Kraft Peter59,Bierut Laura J.2,Ehringer Marissa A.3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Maryland; Baltimore Maryland United States of America

2. Department of Psychiatry; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri United States of America

3. Institute for Behavioral Genetics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado United States of America

4. Department of Epidemiology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan United States of America

5. Department of Psychiatry; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City Utah United States of America

6. Department of Psychiatry; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia United States of America

7. Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and Department of Mental Health; St George's University; London United Kingdom

8. Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy

9. Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina United States of America

10. Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health; Clinical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany

11. Department of Epidemiology; MD Anderson; Houston Texas United States of America

12. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland United States of America

13. Departments of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut United States of America

14. Department of Public Health; Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland

15. Department of Epidemiology; Queensland Institute of Medical Research; Brisbane, Queensland Australia

16. Department of Statistics; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom

17. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories; Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine; Tampere Finland

18. Center for Health Sciences; SRI International; Menlo Park California United States of America

19. Department of Human Genetics; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States of America

20. Department of Sociology; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island United States of America

21. Department of Epidemiology Research; American Cancer Society; Atlanta Georgia United States of America

22. University Medicine Greifswald; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany

23. Department of Health Sciences; University of Leicester; Leicester United Kingdom

24. Department of Psychiatry; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands

25. Department of Biological Psychology; VU University; Amsterdam, Amsterdam The Netherlands

26. Karmanos Cancer Institute; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan United States of America

27. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Institute of Health; Bethesda Maryland United States of America

28. LIGHT Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health; University of Leeds; Leeds United Kingdom

29. Department of Economics; Cornell University; Ithaca New York United States of America

30. Department of Economics; New York University; New York New York United States of America

31. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland United States of America

32. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1); Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain Genomic Imaging; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center; Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; Life and Brain Center and Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany

33. Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica; CNR, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; Monserrato, Cagliari Italy

34. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana United States of America

35. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York United States of America

36. Department of Psychiatry; University of Munich (LMU); Munich Germany

37. Brain and Mind Research Institute; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia

38. Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland

39. Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; Finland

40. Department of Clinical Physiology; Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine; Tampere Finland

41. Department of Applied Economics; Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; Rotterdam Netherlands

42. Department of Neurology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland United States of America

43. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute; Bethesda Maryland United States of America

44. Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry and Department of Epidemiology; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa United States of America

45. Department of Psychology and Dental Practice and Rural Health; West Virginia University; Morgantown West Virginia United States of America

46. Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada

47. Department of Medicine; Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland

48. Human Genetics Center; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas United States of America

49. Department of the MPI Psycholinguistics; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics; Nijmegen The Netherlands

50. Oregon Research Institute; Eugene Oregon United States of America

51. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Young People and Families; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Oulu Finland

52. Department of Economics; Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm Sweden

53. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden

54. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center; Life and Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany

55. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku; Turku Finland

56. Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences; University of Leicester; Leicester United Kingdom

57. Department of Psychiatry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota United States of America

58. Department of Behavioral Health Epidemiology; RTI International; Research Triangle Park North Carolina United States of America

59. Department of Epidemiology; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts United States of America

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Australian Research Council

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Epidemiology

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