Affiliation:
1. School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
2. School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
3. ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
4. Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS UMR 7006 Strasbourg 67000 France
5. Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
6. ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
Abstract
AbstractThe pursuit of decarbonization involves leveraging waste CO2 for the production of valuable fuels and chemicals (e.g., ethanol, ethylene, and urea) through the electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). The efficacy of this process heavily depends on electrocatalyst performance, which is generally reliant on high loading of critical minerals. However, the supply of these minerals is susceptible to shortage and disruption, prompting concerns regarding their usage, particularly in electrocatalysis, requiring swift innovations to mitigate the supply risks. The reliance on critical minerals in catalyst fabrication can be reduced by implementing design strategies that improve the available active sites, thereby increasing the mass activity. This review seeks to discuss and analyze potential strategies, challenges, and opportunities for improving catalyst activity in CO2RR with a special attention to addressing the risks associated with critical mineral scarcity. By shedding light onto these aspects of critical mineral‐based catalyst systems, this review aims to inspire the development of high‐performance catalysts and facilitates the practical application of CO2RR technology, whilst mitigating adverse economic, environmental, and community impacts.
Reference259 articles.
1. R.Hannah M.Roser CO₂emissions; Our World in Data 2020 https://ourworldindata.org/co2‐emissions(accessed: January 2024).
2. Highlights and challenges in the selective reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol
3. Catalysis for the Valorization of Exhaust Carbon: from CO2 to Chemicals, Materials, and Fuels. Technological Use of CO2
4. Carbon Dioxide Capture: Prospects for New Materials
5. a)S.Daniels L.Hardiman D.Hartgill V.Hunn R.Jones N.Robertson Deep geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) offshore UK: containment certainty Department for Energy Security and Net Zero and Department for Business Energy & Industrial Strategy 2023 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/deep‐geological‐storage‐of‐carbon‐dioxide‐co2‐offshore‐uk‐containment‐certainty(accessed: March 2024);