The primitive giant panda Kretzoiarctos beatrix (Carnivora, Ursidae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede: dietary implications

Author:

Kargopoulos Nikolaos123ORCID,Abella Juan456,Daasch Alexander7,Kaiser Thomas78,Kampouridis Panagiotis1ORCID,Lechner Thomas19,Böhme Madelaine19

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geoscience, Section Terrestrial Palaeoclimatology Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Hölderlinstr. 12 72074 Tübingen Germany

2. Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Private Bag X3, Rhodes Gift 7701 Cape Town South Africa

3. Giraffe Conservation Foundation P.O. Box 86099, Eros Windhoek Namibia

4. Grup d'Investigació en Paleontologia de Vertebrats del Cenozoic (PVC‐GIUV), Departament de Botànica i Geologia Universitat de València València Spain

5. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont c/ Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain

6. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad Pje. Rumipamba N. 341 y Av. de los Shyris (Parque La Carolina) Quito Ecuador

7. Museum of Nature Hamburg Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 3 20146 Hamburg Germany

8. Biocenter Grindel & Zoological Museum University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

9. Section Palaeontology Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution & Palaeoenvironment (SHEP) Tübingen Germany

Abstract

AbstractExtant giant pandas are among the most herbivorous forms of the order Carnivora, feeding mainly on hard plant material. The first steps of their evolutionary lineage are of particular interest for our understanding of the factors that led to this specialized niche. The present work deals with newly discovered dental material of the primitive ailuropodine bear Kretzoiarctos beatrix from the Late Miocene locality of Hammerschmiede (Germany). This is the first report of the genus Kretzoiarctos outside the Iberian Peninsula, expanding its spatial range to Central Europe. All of the currently known localities with K. beatrix, from both Spain and Germany, are very similar in age (c. 11.9–11.4 Ma). The present material has distinct features that enable its taxonomic discrimination from other Miocene ursids of Europe, such as Ballusia, Ursavus, Miomaci, Agriarctos and Indarctos. A thorough comparison is conducted of all of these forms. The new specimens were used in a dental microwear texture analysis in combination with ecomorphological comparisons, to investigate the dietary habits of this primitive ailuropodine. The results suggest that Kretzoiarctos was not an eater of tough plant material like the extant giant panda but was more similar to the extant Tremarctos, exhibiting opportunistic behaviour with occasional consumption of meat.

Funder

Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst

Generalitat de Catalunya

Publisher

Wiley

Reference180 articles.

1. Abella J.2011.Indarctos arctoidesDepéret 1895 (Carnivora Mammalia) del yacimiento vallesiense de Batallones 3 (Cuenca de Madrid). PhD thesis Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC).

2. A new species of Agriarctos (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae, Carnivora) in the locality of Nombrevilla 2 (Zaragoza, Spain);Abella J.;Estudios Geológicos,2011

3. Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade;Abella J.;PLoS One,2012

4. On the socio‐sexual behaviour of the extinct ursid Indarctos arctoides: an approach based on its baculum size and morphology;Abella J.;PLoS One,2013

5. Paleodiversity of the Superfamily Ursoidea (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Spanish Neogene, related to environmental changes;Abella J.;Journal of Iberian Geology,2014

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