Bone diseases in a Pleistocene South American native ungulate species: the case of Toxodon platensis Owen, 1837 (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Toxodontidae)

Author:

Luna Carlos A.1ORCID,De S. Barbosa Fernando H.2ORCID,Gonzalez Romina1,Miño‐Boilini Ángel R.1,Repetto Carolina3,Zurita Alfredo E.1

Affiliation:

1. Laboratorio de Evolución de Vertebrados y Ambientes Cenozoicos, Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL, CONICET – UNNE), Corrientes Capital Provincia de Corrientes Argentina

2. Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Geologia, Faculdade de Geologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Maracanã Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

3. Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Corrientes Argentina

Abstract

ABSTRACTKnowledge of bone pathologies in South American native ungulates is very scarce, which contrasts with other groups of megamammals such as xenarthrans and proboscideans. In this paper, based on morphological and histological analysis, we describe different bone pathologies in two specimens of Toxodon platensis Owen (Notoungulata), one of the most common taxa in the Late Pleistocene faunistic associations of northeastern Argentina. Subchondral erosions on the metacarpus and magnum, non‐marginal syndesmophytes and enthesitis on the vertebral body, the neural column and the zygapophyseal joint of the lumbar vertebrae, as well as a particular periosteal reaction on the ribs, have been interpreted as manifestations of spondyloarthropathies in one of the analyzed individuals. In the same individual, a process of fusion and bone neoformation is observed in the caudal vertebrae, which seems to correspond both to the aforementioned spondyloarthropathy and to an infectious process. A lesion on the fourth metatarsus of a second individual with an evident cloaca is suggestive of osteomyelitis; this is the first report of this pathology in notoungulates. It seems possible that some of these pathologies may have been facilitated by factors such as body mass, mode of locomotion and/or environment. These findings provide insight into some aspects of the ecology of this particular group of extinct South American megamammals.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference104 articles.

1. Revealing bone diseases in the Quaternary ground sloth Eremotherium laurillardi (Mammalia, Xenarthra)

2. Archuby F.M.(1998) Alometría de los huesos largos deToxodon platensis y Macrauchenia patachonica(Notoungulata) y (Litopterna) implicancias en su locomoción. 7° Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía (Bahía Blanca) Abstracts: 101.

3. Skeletal pathologies in the giant ground sloth Eremotherium laurillardi (Xenarthra, Folivora): New cases from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil

4. Osteological diseases in an extinct Notiomastodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea) population from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil

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